[45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. Too Much Power. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. Reading Time: 4 minutes. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. 5. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. Countries that start with: [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Is North Korea a dictatorship? Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. [1]:71. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Uganda. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. [126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. Source by babeltravel. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. 1. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. Albania - Communist Regime 3. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. Imelda Marcos. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Personalistic dictatorships: 4. The legislature must be popularly elected. Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union.